Tuesday, June 5, 2012

INTRODUSAUN VSAT:




Comunicação Via Satélite: Vsat



A estação terrena mais popular que existe é a VSAT, uma abreviatura para Very Small Aperture Terminal. Geralmente são estações com antenas variando de 80 cm a 2 metros e pouco de diâmetro.

Arquitetura

Uma rede VSAT é composta de um número de estações VSAT e uma estação principal (“hub station”).

A estação principal dispõe de antena maior e se comunica com todas as estações VSAT remotas, coordenando o tráfego entre elas. A estação “hub” também se presta como ponto de interconexão para outras redes de comunicação.

Topologias

Existem duas topologias de redes VSAT: a estrela e a malha (“mesh”). Na topologia em estrela as estações VSAT se comunicam exclusivamente com a estação “hub” e na topologia em malha há comunicação direta entre as VSATs.

Na topologia em estrela, para uma estação VSAT se comunicar com outra estação do mesmo tipo deve se comunicar com a estação “hub” e esta retransmitir o sinal para a outra estação VSAT, ocorrendo nesse caso o fenômeno denominado de duplo salto, pois o sinal vai e volta duas vezes do satélite.

Constituição física

Uma estação VSAT é composta de duas unidades físicas distintas, a Unidade Externa (ODU – “outdoor unit”) e a Unidade Interna (IDU – “indoor unit”). Na ODU fica a antena, alimentador e a parte de RF, o transmissor e o receptor propriamente dito.

Na IDU fica toda a parte de banda básica, constituída essencialmente do modem. A IDU se conecta à ODU por meio de cabos coaxiais onde a transmissão é feita a nível de frequência intermediária (FI), geralmente na faixa de 2 GHz. A distância máxima que a ODU pode ficar da IDU varia de 50 a 100 metros.

Alocação de canais

Para que uma estação VSAT se comunique é necessário que à mesma esteja associado um canal de RF. Essa associação pode ser permanente ou por demanda, variando dinamicamente. Quando a associação é permanente existe um canal fixo para cada VSAT e temos o método de alocação PAMA (“Permanent Assignment Multiple Acess”) ou acesso múltiplo com alocação permanente.

Quando a alocação é dinâmica existe um “pool” de canais administrados pela estação “hub” do qual são alocados os canais para cada VSAT na medida em que sejam solicitados e para o qual são liberados ao término do uso. Neste caso temos o método de alocação DAMA (“Demand Assignment Multiple Access”) ou acesso múltiplo com alocação por demanda.

Métodos de acesso

Seja a alocação de canais PAMA ou DAMA, existe uma variedade de métodos de acesso e partilhamento de canais. Os principais são mostrados a seguir:
  • TDMA (“Time Division Multiple Acess”) ou acesso múltiplo por divisão de tempo, no qual a cada canal está associado um intervalo de tempo que se repete periodicamente;
  • FDMA (“Frequency Division Multiple Access”) ou acesso múltiplo por divisão de frequência, no qual a cada canal está associada uma frequência;
  • FTDMA (“Frequency Time Division Multiple Access”) ou acesso múltiplo por divisão de frequência e tempo, que é uma combinação dos dois anteriores, onde cada canal está associado um par ordenado de frequência e intervalo de tempo;
  • CDMA (“Code Division Multiple Access”) ou acesso múltiplo por divisão de código, que utiliza a técnica de espalhamento espectral (“spread spectrum”) onde a cada canal está associado um código, que é a chave de decodificação daquele canal.

ATTENDANCES REGISTRATION & ACCESS CONTROL:




ATTENDANCE REGISTRATION AND ACCESS CONTROL
The situation:
Registration of conference participants and addition of security by means of access control.

• Register delegates by means of a chip card and/or PIN code
• Use of biometrical readers such as fingerprint readers
• Retrieval of present and/or absent list
• Access control for each delegate

  Equipment list

1. Delegate unit
2. Chairman unit
3. Flush mount panel
4. Hand microphone
5. Central control equipment
7. Large screen
13. Personal computer with DCN Control Software
15. ID cards
16. Fingerprint reader
18. Loudspeakers
DCN software modules allow electronic identification and access control to be registered:
• At the microphone unit
• At the entrance or exit unit
• For free seating
• For only one seat

Conference participants can register their presence by:
• A push button on delegate units, which allows simple registration
• By inserting an ID card into a card reader that is integrated into the microphone unit, or located at the conference venue entrance.
• By means of personal identification number, which can be combined with the ID card as well It is also possible to specify that delegates may only make use of certain microphone or control functions.

Fingerprint readers for verification
The DCN Concentus unit can be extended with a fingerprint reader to recognize persons. Fingerprint reading is a biometrical verification technique and is efficient in high security meetings.

VIDEO DISPLAY:



VIDEO DISPLAY
The situation:
Show conference data on screens by means of video display.

• Show conference data to your audience via projectors or large screen
• Show information on screens for delegates or chairman
• Flexible configuration of the screen by adjusting colors,fonts, texts, lines and images
• The logo or emblem of your business or a city council can be easily added as an image

Equipment list

1. Delegate unit
2. Chairman unit
3. Flush mount panel
5. Central control equipment
7. Large screen
13. Personal computer with DCN Control Software
17. Individual screen
18. Loudspeakers
Show conference data on screens by means of video display.

The following information can be shown:
• The names of delegates who are currently speaking, with the remaining speech time
• The listed delegates who are waiting to speak
• Voting scripts and results (listed per delegate, listed in a synoptic lay out, total results in a chart or listed)
• The agenda of the day and messages
• Absent or present delegates

The video display information can be shown to each participant on the podium with a personal color liquid crystal screen. The same information can be shown to the audience by means of large-scale screens or projectors.

DIGITAL DISCUSSION:



DIGITAL Discussion
The situation:
The situation: all delegates have a microphone unit with a built-in loudspeaker for high speech intelligibility.

• Good speech intelligibility for everyone
• Chairman is in control
• Better-structured and therefore faster meetings
• Keeps attention centrally focused
• No operator required
Equipment list
1. Delegate unit
2. Chairman unit
3. Flush mount panel
5. Central control equipment
Delegates request the floor by pressing the microphone button. It is easier to keep attention centrally focused as a limited number of microphones can be open at the same time. This helps keep order and speeds up the
meeting process.

Delegates who request the floor after the maximum has been reached are placed on a waiting list. The chairman can listen, register requests to speak, and override other delegates by using a priority key. In this case, all delegate microphones will be muted and an attention tone will be heard. In this way, the chairman can easily guide and control the meeting.

A rostrum for guest speakers is equipped with a flush-mounted DCN Microphone and Loudspeaker. Hand-held microphones for audience members can be used with or without floor stands. All DCN equipment is connected directly to the central control unit.

This CCU supplies power to all units, provides audio equalization for all delegate loudspeakers, and is used to determine the microphone operating mode. No operator is required.

CAMERA CONTROL:





Camera Control
The situation:
Camera control automatically shows an image of the current speaker on a screen.

Camera facility automatically shows current speakers on screen
• Fast-moving dome camera to show current speaker
• Fixed camera to show an overview image of the venue
• No camera operator required
• Delegate information is shown on screen with image of current speaker
• Free seating when ID cards are used as well

Equipment list

1. Delegate unit
2. Chairman unit
3. Flush mount panel
5. Central control equipment
7. Large screen
11. AutoDome® camera
12. Fixed camera
13. Personal computer with DCN Control Software
17. Individual screen
Camera control automatically shows an image of the current speaker on a screen. A visual dimension not only generates interest and focuses attention, but also tells participants and observers who is speaking.

DCN can automatically show an image of the current speaker on monitors or projection screens in the main hall, lobby, interpreters’ booths, breakout rooms or anywhere else required. Delegate information will also appear on the screen.

Camera control is automatic, so no attention is required from operators. Bosch AutoDome® cameras are ideal for this application.

The operator does not have to adjust the configuration, as the system does it automatically. When setting up a video conference between sites, the system is especially useful, as delegates from the various locations will always have the sound, image and name of the current speaker.

E-VOTING IN PARLIAMENT:

Electronic voting exist in Parliament using Bosch System
The situation:
Get the opinion of your audience or take decisions quickly by means of electronic voting. The chairman presides over the meeting and controls
the voting proceedings using a Chairman Unit.

• Fast tally and display of delegates’ votes
• Electronic voting can be combined with a discussion system
• Voting results on large-scale audience screens or individual screens
• Basic voting or extended voting control software
Equipment List:
1. Delegate unit
2. Chairman unit
5. Central control equipment
6. Hall display
The chairman presides over the meeting and controls the voting proceedings using a chairman unit.

In addition, an operator can control the voting via a personal computer or via a touch screen. The chairman unit’s graphic LCD provides the chairman with speaker information, a voting script and voting results.

The unit can be used to start, stop and suspend voting. Each delegate has a voting unit. The five voting buttons allow parliamentary, for and against, multiple choice, opinion polling or audience response voting.

The voting results are send via the DCN Central Control Unit to a numeric hall display or via a control PC to audience screens. The DCN Central Control Unit is used to power all DCN units.